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Bombus affinis
''Bombus affinis'', otherwise known as the "rusty patched bumblebee", is a species of bumblebee that is endemic to North America. Its historical range in North America has been throughout the east and upper Midwest of the United States,〔 north to in Ontario, Canada, where it is considered a "species at risk",〔 east to Quebec, south to Georgia, and west to the Dakotas.〔 Its numbers have declined in 87% of its historical habitat range.〔(Rusty-patched Bumblebee ), Xerces Society〕 Members of ''B. affinis'' are relatively large in size, and like other species of bumblebees, are known to be primitively eusocial organisms.〔 Most nests that are constructed by the ''B. affinis'' are built underground, and are commonly found in old rodent burrows.〔 Nests that are created in captivity can house up to 2,100 members, however, they are typically much smaller in the wild.〔 This species consumes nectar and pollen from a variety of plants, including ''Abelia grandiflora'', ''Asclepias syriaca'', and ''Linaria''.〔 The colony odor is very similar to that of ''Bombus terricola,'' which makes it difficult for predators and parasites to differentiate between the two different species.
==Taxonomy and Phylogeny==
''Bombus affinis'' is a member of the subfamily Apinae,〔 and is most closely related phylogenetically to ''B. franklini'', which is another species of bumble bee that is endemic to North America. The next most closely related species, however, is ''B. terricola'', which is very similar to ''B. affinis'' in terms of bodily pheromones.〔 This similarity allows members of ''B. affinis'' to successfully dominate ''B. terricola'' workers after usurping their nests.〔 ''B. affinis'' is in the company of nearly 250 other species of bumblebee worldwide that fall within the genus of ''Bombus'',〔 although only 50 are native to parts of the US and Canada.〔 Unlike other members of the family apidae, ''B. affinis'' workers and queens are characterized by different color patterns, which allow observes to tell them apart.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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